Metropol Parasol / World’s Largest Wooden Structure

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What is there not to like about Metropol Parasol? The waffle-like crown structure in Seville, Spain has been finally completed in April 2011 after a competition held by the city of Seville in 2004. Located at Plaza de la Encarnacion, the stunning sequence of undulating parasols comprises the world's largest wooden structure.

Fuente: www.sevilla21.com

Calado medioambiental del proyecto: Los parasoles
Esquema del funcionamiento bioclimático de Metropol Parasol (proyecto inicial)

Estructura

La estructura de Metropol Parasol proporciona una zona de sombra para el intenso sol del sur de España. El sombreado abarca tanto la plaza pública como el techo del mercado. En el nivel de la plaza eso conlleva una utilización extendida y un incremento del atractivo del espacio público, mientras que en el nivel del mercado significa una reducción de las cargas de refrigeración para el aire acondicionado.

Diseño y sombra de los parasoles

Para ello, los parasoles se han diseñado de tal forma que sean capaces de cubrir una superficie de 150 x 70 metros. El diseño de esta gran estructura ha priorizado la generación de sombras en la plaza y para ello se ha tenido en cuenta el estudio de las sombras de la plaza en los meses de marzo, junio y diciembre en cuatro horarios diferentes (9.00h, 12.00h, 15.00h y 18.00h) de incidencia solar.

Estructura de los parasoles y filtración de luz

Al mismo tiempo, la estructura del Parasol se ha conseguido de una forma deliberada que no fuera continua pero sí permeable, para permitir la filtración de luz a la plaza y evitar un efecto de pantalla, así como para permitir que se escape el aire caliente generado en la plaza (o por el equipamiento de aire acondicionado del mercado). De esta forma, los parasoles no sólo contribuyen a rebajar la temperatura en los meses calurosos gracias al sombreado si no que permiten el aprovechamiento de la luz natural, pero sin generar sobrecalentamiento, ya que el aire se filtra a través de la estructura permeable.

Altura de los parasoles

En el diseño arquitectónico, también se ha tenido en cuenta la altura adecuada de los parasoles. Primero, para evitar el efecto pantalla de los edificios circundantes de la plaza. También, para calcular su coordinación con el grado de inclinación del sol para generar los sombreados. Asimismo, también se ha calculado esta altura para que las vistas panorámicas desde la superficie de los parasoles sean buenas. Del mismo modo, la altura de los parasoles incide en que se tenga una sensación de confort en la plaza ya que no se produce agobio por escasez de altura y se puede respirar, pero a la vez, la estructura de Metropol Parasol no sobresale en exceso en el paisaje de la ciudad de Sevilla.

Eficiencia energética

Microclima y fuentes de refrigeración

La temperatura de la Plaza de la Encarnación y de la parte inferior de Metropol Parasol es inferior gracias al sombreado que genera la estructura, consiguiendo así que el gasto en climatización sea muy inferior a otro tipo de edificación. Esta sencilla medida imita la forma tradicional de Sevilla de obtener una sensación de confort en verano: el sombreado de los árboles. De hecho, los árboles gigantescos de la Plaza de Cristo de Burgos cerca de la Plaza de la Encarnación fue una de las inspiraciones de los Parasoles.

El microclima de la Plaza se mejorará decisiva- mente a través de la estructura de madera de los Parasoles. La madera casi ni se calienta, ni almacena el calor, por lo tanto no irradia calor. Da sombra a la Plaza y a las construcciones en niveles inferiores, impidiendo su calentamiento.

Además, se ha apostado por la refrigeración pasiva (free cooling) a través de numerosas fuentes planificadas, que aportarán frescor y humedad, reduciendo más la sensación de calor.

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Fuente: Yetzer.com

Published in: Architecture By Marcia Argyriades, 28 April 2011

photo © Fernando Alda

Project: Metropol Parasol
Redevelopment of Plaza de la Encarnacion, Seville, Spain
Function: archeological site, farmers market, elevated plaza, multiple bars and restaurants
Site area: 18,000 square meters
Building area: 5,000 square meters
Total floor Area: 12,670 square meters
Number of floors: 4
Height of the building: 28.50 meters
Structure: concrete, timber and steel
Principal Exterior: timber and granite
Principal interior material: concrete, granite and steel
Designing period: 2004-2005
Construction period: 2005-2011
Building/Cost: 90 Million Euro

photo © David Franck

What is there not to like about Metropol Parasol? The waffle-like crown structure in Seville, Spain has been finally completed in April 2011 after a competition held by the city of Seville in 2004. Located at Plaza de la Encarnacion, the stunning sequence of undulating parasols comprises the world’s largest wooden structure. The Metropol Parasol project was part of the redevelopment of the Plaza de la Encarnacíon, designed by J. MAYER H. Architects, this project becomes the new icon for Seville, a place of identification and to articulate Seville’s role as one of the world´s most fascinating cultural destinations.

photo © Fernando Alda

Metropol’s interweaving waffle-like wooden panels rise from concrete base reinforced with steel, which are positioned in such a way to architecturally form canopies and walkways below the parasols. Metropol Parasol was given this contemporary organic design to explore the potential that the Plaza de la Encarnacion becomes the new fashionable, modern-day urban center. The Metropol Parasol’s function as a unique organic urban space within the crowded and dense fabric of the medieval city center of Seville allows for a variety of activities to be performed. The exceedingly developed infrastructure aids in triggering the movement at the square, thus transforming it into a hive of activity – a social and cultural hub where both residents, visitors and tourists can gather under the architecturally motivating ‘crown-like waffle’.

photo © Fernando Alda

“Realized as one of the largest and most innovative bonded timber-constructions with a polyurethane coating, the parasols grow out of the archaeological excavation site into a contemporary landmark, defining a unique relationship between the historical and the contemporary city.” J. MAYER H. Architects

photo © Fernando Alda

The Metropol Parasol scheme with its imposing timber structure offers a range of attractions and amenities to be used by the public. Such functions include an archaeological museum, a farmers market, an elevated plaza, and multiple bars and restaurants underneath and inside the parasols, as well as a panorama terrace on the upper level of the parasols. Realized as one of the largest and most innovative bonded timber-constructions with a polyurethane coating, the parasols grow out of the archaeological excavation site into a contemporary landmark, thus defining a distinctive relationship between the historical medieval city and the contemporary city beat! Metropol Parasols mix-used multicultural program sets off a dynamic development for culture and commerce in the heart of Seville and beyond.

photo © David Franck

‘the form of this building was inspired by the vaults of Seville’s expansive cathedral – I wanted to create a «cathedral without walls» that would be «democratic» – and also by the handsome trees already in the square.’’ Jürgen Mayer H

The design scheme and the idea of Metropol Parasol was to offer shade, a valuable ‘service’ in a city as sunny and hot as Seville, and so make the square, which used to operate as a parking lot more livable. Respecting the presence of the Roman ruins, the architectural planning was dealt in such a way as to leave the ruins undisturbed. Columns supporting the crown could only be positioned in a few places, involving ambitious structure – designed with the help of the engineers Arup – to span the gaps between them. From these conditions came the mushroom stem-like torsos, a sufficient amount to include lifts and stairs, and a structural system using timber and steel, held together with high-performance polyurethane resin, tested to ensure it would endure even the highest temperatures in this spot. Among the project’s pride is that it is the world’s largest construction to be held together by polyurethane (foam seal).

Jürgen Mayer H. whose work we’ve previously presented on Yatzer is an architect who started off as an artist. The way he deals with the human factor within a given space in each of his projects is very interesting; furthermore, he contains elements of art and sculpture in his architecture, something that many architects have forgotten about. Jürgen Mayer H. notices art and architecture as similar, being both about the interrelation of human and space. His buildings have the complex sculptural-like shapes, with non-repeating elements, that computerized design and construction make possible, hence, no two parts of the Parasol are identical.

The parasols provide for shade, the game of light and shadows is quite out of the ordinary and attention grabbing through this architectural design. When viewed from different angles, Metropol Parasol has a fantastic, daring, creative and inventive sculpture-like repetitive geometric plan. Residents of Seville have distinct feelings towards Metropol Parasol; but as a person who prefers to look on the bright side and screen out the negative comments when they have no basis or reasoning, I prefer the positive comments which claim that: ‘it is absolutely amazing! Very surprising!,’ ‘it is incredible to see people’s faces amazed watching this galactic waffle-like structure landing in such a traditional city,’ ‘I have to admit that I always loved this project since its announcement in 2004, and I have to admit that many people in Seville don’t like it. But you know what? Most Parisians hated Eiffel tower in the beginning…!’ After all, Eiffel tower is the landmark of Paris; did Jürgen Mayer H. make it by establishing his own landmark for the medieval city of Seville, Spain? I think yes! What do you think?

Credits and Data
Metropol Parasol
Redevelopment of Plaza de la Encarnacion, Seville, Spain
Client: Ayuntamiento de Sevilla und SACYR
Architects: J. MAYER H. Architects
Project Architect: Jürgen Mayer H., Andre Santer, Marta Ramírez Iglesias
Project Team: Ana Alonso de la Varga, Jan-Christoph Stockebrand, Marcus Blum, Paul Angelier, Hans Schneider, Thorsten Blatter, Wilko Hoffmann, Claudia Marcinowski, Sebastian Finckh, Alessandra Raponi, Olivier Jacques, Nai Huei Wang, Dirk Blomeyer (Management Consultant 1st Phase)

Competition Team: Jürgen Mayer H, Dominik Schwarzer, Wilko Hoffmann, Ingmar Schmidt, Jan-Christoph Stockebrand, Julia Neitzel, Klaus Küppers, Georg Schmidthals, Andre Santer, Daria Trovato
Technical Support for Plants – Competition 2nd Phase only: Coqui-Malachowska-Coqui with Thomas Waldau
Technical Consultant and Multidisciplinary Engineers for Realization: Arup
Project Manager: Jose de la Peña, Jan-Peter Koppitz
Project Team Statics: Romain Buffat, Kayin Dawoodi, Steffen Janitz, Andres Garzón, Enrique González, Carlos Merino, Estrella Morato, Victor Rodríguez Izquierdo, Volker Schmid
Project Team Building Services: Salvador Castilla, Alborada Delgado, Marta Figueruelo Calvo
Project Team Fire Protection: George Faller, Benjamin Barry-Otsoa, Jimmy Jonsson
Timber engineering and detail design: Finnforest
Photographers: David Franck, Fernando Alda
Plexi-Model: Werk 5, Photographer: Uwe Walter
Timber-Model: Finnforest
International Competition: 1. Prize, 2004
Project: 2004-2011
Opening: March 2011
Completion: April 2011
– Permanent Collection of Museum of Modern Art, NY and Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, Preussischer Kulturbesitz, Berlin
– Permanent Collection of DAM, Deutsches Architekturmuseum Frankfurt, Germany
– Holcim Award, 2005, Winner Europe Bronze for Sustainable Construction